国产探照灯多点遥控系统在平台供应船上的应用

根据航道和作业需要,船舶驾驶室顶通常安装有一至数盏探照灯,用于船舶夜航、营救搜索和远距离发送灯光信号通信。某平台供应船(PSV)上配置的带有转台的探照灯可实现远程遥控,但其遥控位置通常设在航行控制台上。若能实现多点遥控探照灯,将便于船员实际作业。文中以该PSV为例,描述国产探照灯多点遥控系统在海工项目上的应用,对今后该类系统的设计选型具有较好的借鉴意义。     

再液化系统在LNG船上的实际应用

LNG船存在的突出问题是LNG吸收外界热量挥发而造成货损,而利用再液化装置将挥发的低温天然气(Boil Off Gas,简称BOG)重新冷凝液化并输送回液货舱是目前LNG船处理BOG的主要方式之一。文中首先介绍了再液化原理及分类;然后对全部再液化系统的设备组成、工作流程及操作模式在LNG船上的应用进行分析;最后,展望了未来LNG船安装再液化系统的应用趋势。     

选择性催化还原技术在多功能水下作业支持船上的应用

氮氧化物(NOX)是船舶柴油机排放废气中危害环境的主要成分。通过研究船舶废气NOX的形成机理,结合当前国际海事组织的最新公约要求,对现有船舶柴油机NOX排放控制技术的效果进行对比,探讨选择性催化还原技术在多功能水下作业支持船上加以应用的方案,总结出选择性催化还原系统在设计与实船应用中值得关注的关键技术。     

Modeling delay at signalized intersections with channelized right‐turn lanes considering the impact of blockage

This paper presents a probabilistic delay model for signalized intersections with right‐turn channelization lanes considering the possibility of blockage. Right‐turn channelization is used to improve the capacity and to reduce delay at busy intersections with a lot of right‐turns. However, under heavy traffic conditions the through vehicles will likely block the channelization entrance that accrues delay to right‐turn vehicles. If the right‐turn channelization gets blocked frequently, its advantage in reducing the intersection delay is neglected and as a result the channelization lane becomes inefficient and redundant. The Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) neglects the blockage effect, which may be a reason for low efficiency during peak hours. More importantly, using HCM or other standard traffic control methods without considering the blockage effects would lead to underestimation of the delay. To overcome this issue, the authors proposed delay models by taking into account both deterministic and random aspects of vehicles arrival patterns at signalized intersections. The proposed delay model was validated through VISSIM, a microscopic simulation model. The results showed that the proposed model is very precise and accurately estimates the delay. In addition, it was found that the length of short‐lane section and proportion of right‐turn and through traffic significantly influence the approach delay. For operational purposes, the authors provided a step‐by‐step delay calculation process and presented approach delay estimates for different sets of traffic volumes, signal settings, and short‐lane section lengths. The delay estimates would be useful in evaluating adequacy of the current lengths, identifying the options of extending the short‐lane section length, or changing signal timing to reduce the likelihood of blockage. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Comparison of advanced imputation algorithms for detection of transportation mode and activity episode using GPS data

Global Positioning System (GPS) technologies have been increasingly considered as an alternative to traditional travel survey methods to collect activity-travel data. Algorithms applied to extract activity-travel patterns vary from informal ad-hoc decision rules to advanced machine learning methods and have different accuracy. This paper systematically compares the relative performance of different algorithms for the detection of transportation modes and activity episodes. In particular, naive Bayesian, Bayesian network, logistic regression, multilayer perceptron, support vector machine, decision table, and C4.5 algorithms are selected and compared for the same data according to their overall error rates and hit ratios. Results show that the Bayesian network has a better performance than the other algorithms in terms of the percentage correctly identified instances and Kappa values for both the training data and test data, in the sense that the Bayesian network is relatively efficient and generalizable in the context of GPS data imputation.     

柴油机尿素 SCR 反应特性的试验研究

利用可独立控制尿素喷射量的SCR系统,通过柴油机台架试验,研究了钒基催化剂温度和空速对SCR催化还原反应NOx 转化效率和反应速率的影响,以及尿素喷嘴安装位置对转化效率的影响。结果表明：NOx 转化率随着氨氮比（NH3与NOx 物质的量之比）的升高而逐渐升高,由于尿素水解和热解不完全等因素,氨氮比上升到2时NOx 转化率才可达到最大;NOx 转化率随着催化剂温度升高而升高,到400℃时基本趋于稳定,NOx 转化率随空速升高略有下降;SCR反应速率随温度的升高而升高,随空速的变化不明显;相同氨氮比时,尿素喷嘴与催化剂的距离增加,有利于NOx 转化率的升高。     

进气充量特征参数对 CPF 再生过程的影响

利用AVL BOOST ,FIRE软件分别构建了D19高压共轨柴油机的一维仿真模型和催化型颗粒捕集器（CPF）三维模型,研究了不同进气特征参数对CPF再生过程的影响规律。计算结果表明：随大气氧浓度减小,CPF沉积颗粒的氧化速率和压降的下降速率都显著减缓,其进、出口两端的NOx 及 NO2排放降低;海拔升高不利于CPF的再生,但CPF压降和再生最高温度较低,且能有效减少CPF出口端的NO2排放;海拔对CPF再生过程的影响是大气氧浓度与大气压力的综合效应,其中大气氧浓度占主导作用;针对海拔2 km高原环境,EGR率增大至15％时,CPF再生性能已明显减弱,高原环境下采用EGR进一步加剧CPF的再生困难;EGR率对NO2的降低作用大于其对NO的降低作用。     

质量比较仪校准的信息化应用

为规范质量比较仪市场,全国质量密度计量技术委员会制定了《JJF1326-2011质量比较仪校准规范》。本文通过调研市场上现有质量比较仪型号,研发数据采集分析软件, 以实现校准过程的数据采集分析的信息化操作。该项目可以减少校准过程中人员的工作量和操作误差,以提高校准结果的准确性和可靠性。该项目适用于现有市场中50余种型号的质量比较仪校准,可推广应用于砝码校准以及其他质量测量的信息化操作。     

基于SEA的船舶螺旋桨横振传递路径分析及降噪研究

采用统计能量分析(Statistical Energy Analysis, SEA)对某船螺旋桨轴横振在到舱室中产生的噪声进行了仿真,在图论框架下将SEA系统等效为赋权有向图,求解中高频振动能量传到舱室的主要传递路径。使用偏离算法从赋权图中得到了500条传递权重最大的路径,从而确定螺旋桨振动传递到主机舱和集控室的主要路径。分析结果显示,螺旋桨横振激励主要通过二层甲板的与横舱壁的耦合传递到船首方向的舱室产生噪音,双层底和船壳对振动传递影响较小。在传递路径结构和耦合连接处采取的降噪措施可使集控室的噪声在各频段降低3 dB。     

公路隧道施工质量问题与控制探讨

通过对隧道工程特点和新奥法的总结与认识,提出对隧道施工的基本要求,并对公路隧道容易出现的施工质量问题进行探讨。在此基础之上,提出解决隧道施工质量问题的建议,对隧道施工管理和质量控制有一定的指导作用。